To become a Canadian citizen, you must:
1. Be a Permanent Resident: Ensure your PR status is valid and free of review for immigration or fraud reasons.
2. Physical Presence: Have lived in Canada for at least 3 out of the last 5 years (1,095 days).
3. Tax Filing: Have filed your taxes for at least 3 years within the 5-year period before applying.
4. Language Skills: Demonstrate adequate knowledge of English or French if you are between 18 and 54 years old.
5. Pass a Citizenship Test: If you’re between 18 and 54 years old, you must pass a test on Canada’s rights, responsibilities, history, geography, economy, government, laws, and symbols.
6. Take the Oath of Citizenship: If you’re at least 14 years old when you sign your application and your application is approved, you must take the oath.

Additional Requirements for Special Cases
There are additional or different requirements if you are:
1. Applying for a minor (under age 18)
2. A Canadian applying for your adopted child born outside Canada
3. A current or former Canadian Armed Forces (CAF) member applying under the fast-track process
4. A past Canadian citizen who wants to regain Canadian citizenship (including current and former CAF members)

Spouses and Family Members of Canadian Citizens
1. Spouses: Marrying a Canadian does not automatically make you a citizen. You must meet the same requirements as everyone else.
2. Children and Grandchildren: If you have a Canadian parent or grandparent, you may already be a Canadian citizen. Apply for a Canadian citizenship certificate to find out for sure.

Permanent Resident Status
You must have permanent resident status in Canada and ensure:
1. You are not under review for immigration or fraud reasons.
2. You have not been asked to leave Canada.
3. You do not have unfulfilled conditions related to your PR status.
4. You do not need a valid PR card to apply for citizenship; an expired PR card is acceptable.

Physical Presence You must have been physically present in Canada for at least 1,095 days during the 5 years before the date you sign your application. It’s recommended to apply with more than 1,095 days to account for any potential calculation errors.

Language Skills If you are between 18 and 54 years old, you must show proof of adequate knowledge of English or French. This includes being able to participate in everyday conversations, understand simple instructions, and use basic grammar and vocabulary.

Citizenship Test
The test will cover:
1. The rights and responsibilities of Canadian citizens
2. Canada’s history, geography, economy, government, laws, and symbols. IRCC invite you to take the test after you submit your application.

Oath of Citizenship If you’re at least 14 years old when you sign your application and your application is approved, you must take the oath of citizenship.

Prohibitions Certain situations may prevent you from becoming a Canadian citizen, such as committing a crime in or outside Canada. Ensure you review these prohibitions and wait until the situation no longer applies before applying.